Truncation is the failed fifth wave. A complete five-wave impulse that ends with W5 unable to exceed the high of W3 - despite W5 still subdividing properly into its own five sub-waves. All other impulse rules hold: W3 is not the shortest, W4 does not overlap W1. Truncation signals exhaustion: the trend has run out of fuel before it could register a new high. The reversal that follows tends to be sharp and rapid - the failure itself is the warning.
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